The Korean DMZ all started out after North Korea decided to be a communist government like China, while South Korea decided to be a democratic government like United States of America. This zone was helped to distinguish where each of the Koreas were. It first wasn't strict on the border crossing, but after the Axe Murder Incident, everything changed. The security increased about ten fold and going in was nearly impossible.
July 27th, 1953: The Korean DMZ was officially pronounced as the border between North and South Korea.
August 18th, 1976: The Axe Murder Incident. A confrontation between the North and South after an argument over a tree in the way. Resulted in deaths and injuries for both America and South Korea.
October 4th, 1991: Most of the U.S. troops withdraw from South Korean lines. Only about 150 stay behind to help just in case another incident arises.
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An interesting effect of the DMZ is the biologically diverse and protected environment, which you mentioned in your impact section. This is comparable to effect of mines in some regions in the Balkans. Mines left over from conflicts in the Balkans in the 1990's have created a similar environment, and also have negatively impacted the people in similar ways also. However, there is no fence or patrolmen to guard the dangerous regions, making the situation in the Balkans more dangerous, even with ongoing effort to reduce the number of mines.
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